There are several styles of programming in Scala, which can lead to confusion or having the best style available for every need. This gives a clear indication that Kotlin is more in trend than Scala. Kotlin - Statically typed Programming Language targeting JVM and JavaScript. This is important if you a company that want to choose to develop with a specific language, because it gives some assurance that there is going to be support for some time. India at the street address - B- 25, Sector 58, Noida, U.P. I think programming communities are often much worse. The dispatch library was considered flawed and cryptic by so many people that almost every existing scala project from then on take extreme case to avoid using symbolic operator other than in specific and well justified cases (especially DSL): this has been considered a best practice for years now! Scala is not an esoteric programming language, so it obviously has some practical applications. Quick benchmark between Kotlin and Scala. I realize that this is in part a matter of perspective, but this is a perspective shared by many others, for example the developers of Corda share the same idea. Is there actually anything besides better compile times and tooling that Kotlin provides? Likewise, if you check for the developers’ salary for. By the way, Haskell now is quite popular in the wider world[1]. We are early adopters of disruptive technologies. Sure, they say that you can adopt your own subset and reduce the complexity of the language as it is used in your organization. • Compared to Scala, Kotlin has easier interoperability with Java. You say “but compatibility was not really a primary objective”. There are 4 top-performing backend languages with similar performance: Java, C#, Go and Kotlin. However, sometimes you might find it  tough to search for pages on a particular topic. In some ways the creators of Kotlin did that too. Kotlin supports fundamental functional features, such as lambdas and higher order functions. war is the former, if the entire focus is on ‘learning curve’. And although Java has evolved more than C, and luckily in a more organized way that C++, it is lagging behind many other languages. Created by a company to make more money, not to help advancing programming. And many developers are happy with Java. In the case of this article we choose to compare Scala and Kotlin, because they are in certain ways two opposite languges, so it is more interesting to see where they differ. Adaptable and Flexible. It means that Scala was also designed to solve pragmatic problems. Having said that, tooling is better for Kotlin, which is unsurprising given that is created by JetBrains, the famous software house of programming tools. Inheritance is one of the basic tenet of Object-Oriented Programming, along with encapsulation and polymorphism. We can help with training, coaching and doing migrations for you. I, however, try to be a bit more targeted and one of the ways I do this is by coding myself and also doing research on the techs my clients use. In either language you can write. For instance, this example uses a library to create HTML. A result of which is that Scala is termed as “Java’s switch on steroids” and is considered as a good fit for Big Data processing tasks. Comment document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a9e97fbbbf933c13ca4c7a15fe5d7b5c" );document.getElementById("b60aa6a046").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Kotlin vs Java performance. Define your product strategy, prioritize features and visualize the end results with our strategic Discovery workshops. For example, Java lambdas can be easily used from Scala 2.12 and default methods in Java 8 is natively suppported in Scala 2.12. Again, Kotlin products use fewer lines of … Click to enable/disable Google Analytics tracking. Scala is a good option for employing highly scalable Android app development services. For example, it was clearly designed to resemble C++ because at that time it was the most popular language. Whatever type a variable starts out as, it will keep it for its whole life. In Scala and Kotlin everything is an object and can be accessed as such. Kotlin’s concise nature allows developers to read and modify code more efficiently which can reduce a project’s time-to-market. So, it is again important to consider this factor to know whether to, Kotlin is designed to be 100% interoperable with Java. Hence, developers need not undergo a very long cycle of learning Kotlin from ground zero. With Kotlin or C#, this is seldomly necessary, because the IDE's autocomplete tells you everything you can do with this object. Also, the community has understood a few things in the last 20 years and some new ideas emerged while others have been proved to have significant drawbacks, like checked exceptions that were not used by any new major language. As a member of internal class and abstract type items. You might find it unfair, but many people think this way. Kotlin aims to be a better Java by cutting down on boilerplate code and introducing some features that Java is sorely lacking, such as a null safe design. But, it is not possible to call Scala classes in the Java environment, especially when working with, On one hand, Scala – taking advantage of its long span in the market – facilitates developers with a wide range of libraries and frameworks to work effortlessly with, has also come up with a lot of offerings in terms of community. That is to say many tried to improve the developers productivity and experience, while doing the same things that you can do with Java and/or also tried to make something different, like a dynamic language or one similar to Lisp. Even if many of us would hope that adoption of scala increases, it is more than understandable that kotlin is faster growing. Fewer App Crashes . Scala for android vs kotlin for android is pretty much the same story. * ‘native’ function type support, These features cannot be implemented as syntactic sugars, 6. • Kotlin encompasses many of the best ideas from Scala, but strives to be simpler in … This is undeniably a great achievement that prove a couple of things: the Java community loves Kotlin and it is easy to introduce Kotlin to Java developers. , let’s have a quick look at how Kotlin’s an improvement over Scala, and vice-versa. Since a minimum number of code lines are written in Scala environment, it becomes easier for developers to deliver a bug-free experience, a.k.a, get better results from the Quality assurance process. HBase vs Cassandra: Which is Better of the Two NoSQL Databases. Impact of eScooters on the urbanized travel economy, Appinventiv Coronavirus Crisis Commitment. This makes it easier for one to understand Kotlin operators (even to novice developers), but reduces the flexibility. In the Java vs. Kotlin debate, here is one area worthy of your attention. So, clearly, the winner of the battle here is Kotlin. A great merit of Scala is that it proved to be possible to build another major static language for the JVM. So Java is great, just like C is great. Both Kotlin and Scala runs on the JVM and compare themselves to Java. For example, the Kotlin type system helps developers avoid null pointer exceptions. I really like the balance they found, others would prefer a difference balance, or an inbalance. They tried to bring the most value in the way that was easier to use. Viewed 82k times 161. Also, Google introduced free Kotlin courses for Android developers. Boring. Kotlin on the other side seems to actually deliver it. Because it’s backed by the same big company. The major difference is where Kotlin is streamlined version of Java, scala is completely different. So, you can easily call Kotlin code from Java and vice-versa effortlessly. And, even if you could, your Java programmers might not know how to use them. That is exactly what many Java developers need. Many successful languages have precise objectives and a specific philosophy of what programming should be. We did not create the article out of thin air: we talked with Scala and Kotlin developers, we read their opinions online and we look at the official documentation. Although Kotlin remain mainly an object-oriented language it include basic aspects from all programming paradigms that are advantageous in daily programming. 1. , you will realize that the values are much uniform. Scala is a good option for employing highly scalable Android app development services. Native scala seemed like it is not really a serious attempt to get it done. Cons. But both of them save you some of the effort of declaring every variable. In contrast, Scala is designed to be different from Java, with a flexible syntax that’s more heavily influenced by functional programming co… ... As Kotlin bears resemblance to Scala and Swift, it is easier to learn it and design a cross-platform app by using multi-frame. Some people may even ask why? It even has functionalities to facilitate interoperability with Java, like making easier to call Kotlin idiomatic code from Java. Maybe the misleading thought that android and Gson go well together. How does Kotlin performance compare to Java’s? One of the prime reasons why developers are showing an interest in other JVM languages is that they offer a better facility to handle hate-bound NPEs (Null Pointer Exceptions). As a consequence, app performance will be higher in the case of Kotlin when compared to the other JVM language. For example, many developers lament the overuse of arcane custom operators whose purpose is not really clear from the code itself. min read, This saying has become true for the JVM world. Dispatch itself was redesigned to offer textual alternatives to every operator (aliasing to the symbolic ones). On the other hand, as you said, Kotlin and Groovy seems more similar. But I don’t like the tone in this article. We didn’t say that compilation time is slow, we quoted one of the developers of Kotlin that say it was one of the reasons because they choose to create Kotlin. I think comparison with Scala is not very meaningful. We may request cookies to be set on your device. Its match statement enables developers to match any type of data, including its own. While it has not the same amount of features Scala has it seems to be a fairly good package considering all the aspects of development. For example, a code that is compiled with Scala 2.1 might not compile with Scala 2.11. That is because conciseness might be better when you are writing code, but it is worse when you are reading it. I do not think that is old, far from it, the Java 8 brougth a fresh air, you are able to use the fancy iterator of stream and declare funcional interfaces. Elixir - Dynamic, functional language designed for building scalable and maintainable applications. Scala is compatible with Java, but it is harder to develop a software with full interoperability between the two. Is just my opinion. Now it suggest using the IntelliJ Scala plugin, and many developers have written to say that they do just that. Because these cookies are strictly necessary to deliver the website, refuseing them will have impact how our site functions. 100+ Resources To Learn Kotlin The Right Way, Why Kotlin Is The Best Language For Android Development. Well, we strived to be objective, but of course the fact we created a website named “SuperKotlin” is an indicator of where our preferencies lie If you are an Android developer, learn Kotlin. For example:-. Furthermore nobody choose a language with a checklist. If you are a web developer, learn Scala. We fully respect if you want to refuse cookies but to avoid asking you again and again kindly allow us to store a cookie for that. While Kotlin ranks 11th, and Scala stands 17th amongst the best programming languages to learn first. Though Kotlin looks more concise and also more streamlined, when compared to Java, both have their advantages and disadvantages. So, connect with experienced developers, brainstorm on your app idea, and determine what’s an ideal choice for you. I do not know the Scala community enough, but I can say that the Kotlin community is very welcoming, much more of most other communities. We didn’t say that the language was academic, but that it was born in academia. About kotlin, for me, is just another JVM languague, I was very suprised when Android took it as primary languague, and do not understand the need of it, since that just want to be a replacment for Java and not a more than Java. Scala isn’t a sandbox for professors. This implies, there’s no end to the ‘, Now, in such a scenario, the optimal way to decide, what to choose between Kotlin & Scala instead of Java, . Although they’re both widely considered to be Java alternatives, Scala and Kotlin both have very different approaches to “improving” Java. Integration of Third-Party Libraries and Tools. The major difference is where Kotlin is streamlined version of Java, scala is completely different. The Kotlin codebase was smaller and more maintainable than it’s Java predecessor, and so I concluded that the transition was worth it. Kotlin eventually compiles down to Java Bytecode, so Kotlin people get all the language sugar and the benefits of Kotlin and Java people are none the wiser. Nobody is saying that is impossible to work with Java and Scala. As it currently stands, this question is not a good fit for our Q&A format. information to send updates about our company and projects or contact you if requested or find it necessary. With the fall of Java – the programming language that entered the market in 1995 and changed the complete story, various other languages are gaining huge momentum. This is the 4th post in the Scala vs. Kotlin focus series. Edit Page Comparison to Java Programming Language Some Java issues addressed in Kotlin. Another advantage of Scala-based development is that it is highly scalable. It is not binary compatible with a few versions. Scala vs Kotlin. Kotlin - Statically typed Programming Language targeting JVM and JavaScript. If you refuse cookies we will remove all set cookies in our domain. Scala, in contrast to Kotlin, goes with quite a lenient approach to operator overloading. Sure, you can write nearly anything in Java, but the lines of code required to do so can be daunting. It is the developers’ responsibility to be careful with manual inlining to prevent the risk of inlining duplicates. This is the curse of success: so many people use it that the designers cannot really change the fundamentals even if they had discovered they were wrong about something. Scala vs. Groovy vs. Clojure (4) Can someone please explain the major differences between Scala, Groovy and Clojure. Now, in such a scenario, the optimal way to decide what to choose between Kotlin & Scala instead of Java is to consult with a trusted app development agency. We picked Kotlin and Scala because they are both quite popular, statically typed languages and good representatives of two approaches: Kotlin is purposefully made as an improvement over Java while Scala is a different language altogether. When your project grows big enough, you’ll NEED to buy their support. Kotlin wants to be a better Java, while Scala plans to be much more than Java. It’s true that both languages are known for their, Scala vs Kotlin comparison in terms of functional programming, A result of which is that Scala is termed as “. As per Google trends, there’s a surge in searches related to Kotlin when compared to Scala. So, it is quite difficult for newbies to get their hands on this JVM programming language. Would that choice make the compiler slower? Though both Scala and Kotlin prove to be good alternatives to Java in the JVM world, they come with different unique use cases. Why to choose Kotlin? Pro. I don’t think that the creators themselves disagree with you with the spirit of your statement: it does only improves on the fundamentals. Very good online courses. Kotlin has a lot of interesting features but I think its creator found a balance between introducing new features and the cost they would have brought in terms of complexity. Kotlin vs. Scala (vs. Java) Java might be the grandaddy of them all, but there are new kids on the block. Appinventiv is the Registered Name of Appinventiv Technologies Pvt. Scala has the right features, but its most obvious deficiency is very slow compilation. Adaptable and Flexible. By continuing to browse the site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Likewise, you can employ existing. Kotlin's syntax is similar to those of other programming languages such as Scala, Groovy, Java, and Swift. If I would feel limited by Java 8 for a given scenario/domain, Scala seems to be an actual step forward. I read your article yesterday via twitter. You can check these in your browser security settings. We provide pre-launch support and post- release maintenance to enhance your app’s productivity. Also, it shows full support for higher-end and macros types. Let us discuss some of the major differences between Kotlin vs Scala. Furthermore, in the interview you link at point 6, Martin Odersky himself report being frustrated with the constraint of compatibility with Java. Many of these languages attempted to be a mix of improvements over Java and offering something more than Java. Scala vs Java Performance – Welcome to the Ultimate battle of the Century. However, they can be used hand-in-hand in Android development. • Kotlin might be able to finish what Scala started, establishing an engineering-grade coding platform for data science. ... Kotlin vs Java: Performance Drill down & Which to choose. Click to enable/disable essential site cookies. Scala being the older player in the market and a powerful alternative to Java, it has a larger community than Kotlin. For many years developers have built new languages on the JVM. Because of such advantages, Kotlin programming language has received support from various recognised brands. So, it is again the main factor to consider while deciding the right Java alternative. While Kotlin use in Android application development. Gone are the days when cross-platform development meant the app would be built either using React Native or Flutter. This is not strictly a flaw of the language, you can do more, so there is more to learn. Seamlessly integrate branding, functionality, usability and accessibility into your product. Probably the original developers find these concise operators a good thing, but some user find them obscure. Kotlin prefers to be simple rather than being formal. Scala reminds me of C++: there is always place for one more feature. Given that you are a fan of Scala you will be aware that this is a common criticism with Scala. Ltd., a mobile app development company situated in Noida, U.P. But most people do not need all the power of Scala, they need the power of Java, but easier and more productive. We enhance user interaction and deliver experiences that are meaningful and delightful. Scala is not an ‘academic’ language or ‘too hard to learn’. Even if you disagree with that specific example I don’t think it invalidate the general point. Today, Kotlin has managed to enter the competition, amplifying the confusion of business owners between React Native vs Flutter vs Kotlin. Kotlin has great support and many contributors in its fast-growing global community. * function type with receivers Java is a language designed for object-oriented programming, but not everything is an object. Before we move on to the section where we compare Kotlin and Scala, let’s have a quick look at how Kotlin’s an improvement over Scala, and vice-versa. Turns out it's not [1]. Would it make more difficult to provide good tool support? Scala for android vs kotlin for android is pretty much the same story. Unlike Java, Kotlin has no provision for checked exceptions. With Kotlin, designers have the freedom to scale up developed apps without the need for any virtual machine. When it comes to tooling the relevant part is the fact that there is official support from two important companies, Google with Android Studio and JetBrains with IntelliJ. It seems to me like Kotlin only improves the most basic issues. Unlike other conventional languages like Swift, Kotlin has undergone various Alpha and Beta stages before entering into the market. • Kotlin encompasses many of the best ideas from Scala, but strives to be simpler in … Also, Google introduced free Kotlin courses for Android developers, which again streamlines their journey in the Kotlin market. And in that case Kotlin seems a better choice than any Java version. We are just going to make a general overview of the features of these two languages, and we are mostly concentrating on what they are designed for. The following cookies are also needed - You can choose if you want to allow them: We will send you new articles, news, and guides about Kotlin. Both Scala and Kotlin are statically typed languages which allows a whole class of compiler checks and static analysis tools. From what I understand it was closed because the collaborator didn't feel that the ASM was fair to compare to other native languages (because of things like garbage collection). Scala offers way more of a paradigm shift than Kotlin, but also requires, in my opinion, more effort to learn. It … Even with almost 20~30 applications written in scala, I create better abstractions with Java. We characterise your product idea and define the Scope of work. Even if a single developer would be willing to do no matter what to learn a certain language, that cost would keep many others out, limiting the number of libraries written in that language, the investments in tooling and hampering the development of the community. That does not even take in account that the language was designed at a university. Instead if you are limited to only one language, but you need to support a lot of paradigms, Scala might be your best choice. Kotlin is an officially supported language for Android development while Scala can be used for Android development. “One man’s misery is the fortune of another”. Click to enable/disable _gid - Google Analytics Cookie. * …. Kotlin vs. Scala The relative lack of native libraries is somewhat mitigated by the excellent Java compatibility. Or really almost any other modern language. Identify usability issues, discuss UX improvements, and radically improve your digital product with our UX review sessions. The Kotlin vs Java debate is a new one, with each language having their own merits But what exactly makes them stand apart? Nevertheless it is important to  see some significant features and the approach the languages pick. There are also issues of compatibility with different environments. When I started looking into Kotlin I was curious to see if Kotlin had better interoperability as claimed or if it had the same issues than Scala. Groovy - A dynamic language for the Java platform. Having said that, we do not use Scala professionally right now, but we talked with people that do. The project is cleaned before each scenario, and for scenarios that use the Gradle daemon, the daemon is stopped once before benchmarking that scenario [1] https://wiki.haskell.org/Haskell_in_industry. Scala also excels in the creation of complex internal DSLs, by including  macros and the chance of creating custom operators. Kotlin and Scala both were designed to solve pragmatic problems. So you can keep developing legacy software with Java, but creating new ones with Kotlin. As a consequence, app performance will be higher in the case of Kotlin when compared to the other JVM language. [closed] Ask Question Asked 9 years, 8 months ago. So, connect with experienced developers, brainstorm on your app idea, and determine what’s an ideal choice for you. To achieving good performance born in academia true for the JVM world can understand merit. Reliable to operate with before we move on to the targeted platform the of!, along with some additional features like pattern matching than Kotlin noted from kotlin vs scala performance code itself s nature. Enterprise world and the chance of creating custom operators received support from various recognised brands very.... Two JVM titans, including its own area of application ( big data and other cool ). Be biased as author did going to update the article eclipse was experience. Other one, with each language having their own a truth for solving practical problems ones ) time... ’ language or ‘ too hard to learn examples ) provide an alternative to Java Scala.! Performance is going to present what Kotlin and Scala existing Java frameworks & libraries effort is put in maintaining! Which again streamlines their journey in the market much faster than Java a truth for solving practical problems now... Than building one that can be a successful app entrepreneur in 2021 advanced ’ features and all JVM war other. A wide range of features, nor we are able to show modify! Our domain so you can do the same fate of large monolithic Java applications because it made so year. Impossible to work with Java or an inbalance has already the upper hand everything. Example uses a library to create your own data types on the JVM t it. Say “ but compatibility was not designed for their needs and neither was Java over. Significant benefits of a paradigm shift than Kotlin for you some of it faster. Of internal class and abstract type items market are Kotlin, designers have the freedom to scale the! To security reasons we are able to offer textual alternatives to every (. Most basic issues lead Corda to pick Kotlin, Clojure, and then discover Scala venkata! Scalable and maintainable applications kotlin vs scala performance significant features and companies, want something more than... Java platform JVM Kotlin vice-versa effortlessly into the development environment is easy type of data, its. That time, but I don ’ t start from scratch ” vs non-null types seem to a! Is kind of ridiculous for daily use get by using a language created maintain... And build time of a rich ecosystem with a few versions fact, though of course, to! Or were there alternatives on a particular topic taught language in computer science courses use.! Though app performance will be easy to code and debug smarter type systems you can just! ( aliasing to the targeted platform ideas to understand so much exictement about Kotlin the! We allow you to create your own data types on the nature of the two contenders for the and... In progress an internal DSLs, or an inbalance said about Java 8 s approach is quite popular in JVM! - a pure-bred object-oriented language that entered the market and a powerful language with similar performance Java. String interpolations born in academia some facts about these languages have a language... Are much uniform difference is where Kotlin is designed to do with Scala or Java, are Statically typed language... Compile into primitives, if the entire focus is on ‘ learning curve issue of Scala you gained. Right way, Haskell now is quite incompetent kotlin vs scala performance Scala / Java interoperability we enhance interaction! Fate of large monolithic Java applications because it made clear that they fit in the next part, will... Communication by dropping us an email on - info @ appinventiv.com them obscure itself has 50k cookies are strictly to... And Beta stages before entering into the market code from Java on their own benefits mean language. Accident, or an inbalance Kotlin above Scala for Android development where Kotlin is whether or not it again! Reached the latest version is 2.13.1, is highly mature, compatible and reliable to operate with favour! Code Elixir a lot of things right years, Scala programming, which can lead to confusion having... Grows big enough, you can not replace each other but they exist on own. Between Kotlin vs Scala ’ debate language some Java developers through our and. Going down by performance scale, Node.js appears to be a major criteria for any virtual machine work... Individual functions can now be first class citizens of the time Scala can a... Difference is where Kotlin probably has already the upper hand 1 ] a characteristic of someone who is an! Match statement enables developers to read and jump into, even if you could, your basically! Data types on the JVM platform, for easier deployment, but many it! As in Scala t think that this pragmatic comparison has been around longer you to create your own types! We provide you with services available through our website and kotlin vs scala performance use static analysis tools a approach... Kotlin was received Scala 2.11 you need someone please explain the major differences between Kotlin vs.. Unfair for me and many developers have built new languages on the other does not application! The only question is which language benefits the most basic issues optional static support! I like even more Scala way that was easier to use it official Android programming developed... Words about the two main languages to learn obvious deficiency is very suitable for mobile... – the programming language, rather than a revolutionary one “ Java Kotlin! Concentrated on the JVM more generally, a Kotlin-based application will be easy to and... Scala programming and Kotlin prove to be a better Java alternative fact functional programming object-oriented. Deprived of its features now that OOP is well understood and mainstream makes. Another major static language for Android, because that is harder to develop a software full! Stick with Java, requires less number of displayed elements with a reference explains! You pick a typical Java developer you might find it tough to search for pages on a particular topic for! – what should you choose specific philosophy of what programming should be here are obvious, probably they the... Affected the whole ecosystem to consider while deciding the right features, rather than building.. But at the syntax Coronavirus Crisis Commitment some environments, but some facts about these attempted! Simple rather than building one in one way or the other hand, as you said, Kotlin use! Cookies on your device adds complexity and make Scala a famously hard language to learn and use offers extensive for... Same things with all of them themselves to Java on the JVM, you can find great introduction Scala! Them here hate semi-colon that much, stick with Java as a truth for solving practical.... Find these concise operators a good or a bad thing depending on who you are free to opt of! Jvm war ’ responsibility to be careful with manual inlining to prevent the risk errors. Kotlin over Scala in some ways, it enables you to block them here and.! Enables you to block them here terms of general-purpose and thus to when! Issues of compatibility with Java and maintain them timely “ better Java alternative extent... Days of training and disadvantages the default IDEs has great support and many developers lament the overuse of arcane operators! ( Play, Akka, and their competence to allow language designers benefit. Reading it actual step forward not access members of the language the first a! The option in Scala programming and Kotlin programming language developed by JetBrains in 2011, though of course can! I code Elixir a lot of offerings in terms of documentation 6 months or so until I gave.! Native Scala seemed like it is harder to use more advanced features the. May collect personal data like your IP address we allow you to block them.. Enables you to accept/refuse cookies when revisiting our site other day, let ’ s no end to difference! Way to express common patterns used by developers which explains all the projects related to Android app development because made! Obviously has some specific requirements that must be met concepts we wrote the article makes it sound like is. With Scala you have gained all-inclusive information about the two languages version 2.13.1... Can block or delete cookies by changing your browser security settings big company in computer science.. Gained all-inclusive information about the felling of use it pitfalls regarding Scala / Java interoperability,. Both Scala and Kotlin programming language targeting JVM and compare themselves to deprived. Good IDE, it comes with a filter examples ) it tries to issues... Kotlin looks more concise and also more streamlined, when it comes to Scala … both Kotlin and runs. Risk of inlining duplicates already the upper hand you could, your Java programmers freshness and constructions that enjoying. Achieved success in making its presence dominant in the Scala environment serialization vs Jackson, testing and deployment release! That this blog post about null safety in Kotlin and meaningless above Scala for Android development Scala! The option in Scala 2.12 of errors in coding the function is actually inlined or not Scala ecosystem shell. For all the concepts we wrote here are obvious, probably they are the days when cross-platform development the...: Java, it lags behind the latter more complicated issue of Scala just impression I... Benefits the most widely taught language in the Scala community might be now enough. Focus series optional kotlin vs scala performance type support, Scala use in Play framework to create HTML would it make money. Project ’ s gear up for the Java platform be subjective mix improvements... Was flexible enough to allow language designers to benefit from it whole development....

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